2005 Contraceptive Marketing Statistics

Publication date: 2005

1 Courtesy of DKT International 1701 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington, DC 20006 August 2006 www.dktinternational.org 2005 CONTRACEPTIVE SOCIAL MARKETING STATISTICS 2 * 1 CYP equals 100 Condoms; 14 Pill cycles; 4 Injections (3 mos) or 12 (1 mo); 20 Female Condoms; 150 Foaming Tablets; .2 Implants; .29 IUDs; 9 EC SOCIAL MARKETING STATISTICS 2005 Highlights 2005 2004 2003 CYPs 36.7 million 31.3 million 30.5 million Sales – 2005 Condoms . 2,048,912,052 IUDs . 384,165 Female Condoms . 2,163,864 Injectables . 20,185,212 Pills . 131,542,893 Emergency Contraception (EC) . 3,381,639 Norplant . 1,803 Social Marketing Program Sales Statistics listed for all programs with 10,000 or more CYPs. % CHANGE PROGRAM REMARKS 2005 PRODUCT SALES CYP* FROM 2004 1. ALBANIA KfW support Source: MSI Started by Marie Stopes International Condoms 2,826,834 28,268 (MSI) in 1997. Pills 59,466 4,248 Injectables 2,485 621 EC 25,924 2,880 TOTAL 36,017 -17% 2. AFGHANISTAN USAID and UNICEF funding Source: PSI Started by Population Services International Condoms 1,900,503 19,005 (PSI) in 2003. Pills 348,909 24,922 Injectables 183,166 45,792 TOTAL 89,719 204% 3. ANGOLA USAID and private funding Source: PSI Started by PSI in 2000. Condoms 10,185,960 101,860 TOTAL 101,860 -4% 4. BANGLADESH USAID and EC funding Source: USAID Started by PSI in 1975; now managed by Condoms 126,889,153 1,268,892 Social Marketing Company (formerly SMP). Pills 38,861,983 2,775,856 Injectables 547,239 136,810 TOTAL 4,181,558 34% 5. BENIN USAID and KfW support Source: PSI Started by DKT International (DKT) and PSI Condoms 9,588,096 95,881 in 1989. Pills 114,196 8,157 Injectables 19,996 4,999 TOTAL 109,037 -5% 6. BOTSWANA Botswana government, Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1993. USAID (AIDSMark), and private Condoms 2,260,536 22,605 support Female Condoms 13,310 666 TOTAL 23,271 -33% 7. BRAZIL Self-sustaining project Source: DKT Started by DKT in 1991; Condoms 67,046,544 670,465 managed by DKT do Brasil. Female Condoms 116,374 5,819 TOTAL 676,284 14% 8. BURKINA FASO KfW support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1991. Condoms 20,043,848 200,438 Female Condoms 53,370 2,669 Pills 14,042 1,003 TOTAL 204,110 4% 3 * 1 CYP equals 100 Condoms; 14 Pill cycles; 4 Injections (3 mos) or 12 (1 mo); 20 Female Condoms; 150 Foaming Tablets; .2 Implants; .29 IUDs; 9 EC 9. BURMA (Myanmar) Private, DFID, and UNICEF support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1996. Condoms 31,188,739 311,887 Female Condoms 100,490 5,025 Pills 379,108 27,079 IUDs 1,855 6,493 Injectables (3) 550,370 137,593 Injectables (1) 167,372 13,948 EC 7,496 833 TOTAL 502,858 13% 9.1 BURMA II MSI support Source: MSI Started by MSI in 2004. Pills 420,121 30,009 Injectables 19,639 982 TOTAL 30,991 NA 10. BURUNDI USAID, DFID, private, and UN support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1994. Condoms 3,008,432 30,084 TOTAL 30,084 34% 11. CAMBODIA USAID, DFID, and Dutch Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1994. government support Condoms 20,870,974 208,710 Female Condoms 700 35 Pills 1,797,111 128,365 IUDs 171 599 Injectables 154,145 38,536 TOTAL 376,245 3% 12. CAMEROON USAID and KfW funding Source: PSI Started by PSI and DKT in 1989. Condoms 21,685,070 216,851 Female Condoms 106,409 5,320 Pills 39,450 2,818 Injectables 21,234 5,309 EC 435 48 TOTAL 230,346 9% 13. CENTRAL AMERICA REGIONAL USAID support Source: PSI (Belize, El Salvador) Cooperating agency: PSI Condoms 3,751,132 37,511 Female Condoms 17,562 878 TOTAL 38,389 283% 14. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC UNFPA, KfW, and private support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1991. Condoms 5,864,400 58,644 TOTAL 58,644 16% 15. CHAD KfW support Source: GFA Medica Started by PSI in 1996; Condoms 3,869,616 38,696 now managed by AMASOT. TOTAL 38,696 84% 16. CHINA Private support Source: DKT Started by DKT in 1996. Condoms 49,947,390 499,474 Injectables 1,291 323 TOTAL 499,797 6% 16.1 CHINA II Source: TFG Started by The Futures Group (TFG) Condoms 5,700,000 57,000 in 2001/02. TOTAL 57,000 217% 17. COLOMBIA Self-sustaining project Source: PROFAMILA PROFAMILIA project; started in 1975 with Condoms 5,162,353 51,624 International Planned Parenthood Pills 624,827 44,631 Federation support. IUDs 111,908 391,678 Injectables 670,322 167,581 EC 605,865 67,318 TOTAL 722,832 1% 18. CONGO (Brazzaville) USAID support Source: PSI Started by Projet de Marketing Social Condoms 6,268,020 62,680 in 1992. TOTAL 62,680 53% 4 * 1 CYP equals 100 Condoms; 14 Pill cycles; 4 Injections (3 mos) or 12 (1 mo); 20 Female Condoms; 150 Foaming Tablets; .2 Implants; .29 IUDs; 9 EC 19. CONGO (DRC/Kinshasa) USAID (AIDSMark) support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1988. Condoms 25,440,585 254,406 Female Condoms 140,420 7,021 Pills 252,844 18,060 IUDs 1,283 4,491 Injectables 51,562 12,891 TOTAL 296,869 10% 20. COSTA RICA USAID support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1998. Condoms 1,270,766 12,708 Female Condoms 28 1 TOTAL 12,709 -10% 21. COTE DʼIVOIRE KfW, CDC, and private support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1990. Condoms 29,029,168 290,292 Female Condoms 10,456 523 Pills 884,955 63,211 TOTAL 354,026 -8% 22. CUBA Cooperating agency: PSI Source: PSI Started by PSI in 2001. Condoms 4,089,600 40,896 TOTAL 40,896 -59% 23. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC USAID and private support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 2003. Condoms 13,300,244 133,002 TOTAL 133,002 8% 24. ECUADOR USAID support Source: CEMPOLAF Established by SOMARC in 1986; Condoms 1,366,641 13,666 managed by CEMPOLAF. Pills 341,326 24,380 IUDs 29,129 102,057 Injectables 9,696 2,424 TOTAL 142,527 -1% 25. EGYPT Private support Source: DKT Started by DKT in 2004. IUDs 25,994 90,979 TOTAL 90,979 NA 26. EL SALVADOR USAID support Source: ADS Implemented in 1976 by Development Condoms 2,256,846 22,568 Associates and transferred to the Pills 670,792 47,914 Salvadoran Demographic Association IUDs 1,885 6,598 (ADS). Injectables 117,936 29,484 Norplant 724 3,620 TOTAL 110,184 0% 27. ERITREA USAID support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1996. Condoms 3,049,812 30,498 TOTAL 30,498 -21% 28. ETHIOPIA Dutch government, Irish, Packard, Source: DKT Implemented by DKT in 1990. DFID, and USAID support Condoms 58,188,986 581,890 Pills 3,398,890 242,778 Injectables 2,480,951 620,238 TOTAL 1,444,906 55% 29. GHANA USAID support Source: GSMF Implemented in 1986 by DANAFCO and Condoms 21,408,406 214,084 SOMARC; now managed by Ghana Pills 2,858,829 204,202 Social Marketing Foundation (GSMF). Foaming Tablets 594,600 3,964 IUDs 175 613 Injectables 272,300 68,075 TOTAL 490,938 -16% 30. GUATEMALA USAID support Source: APROFAM Asociación Pro-Bienestar de la Familia Condoms 605,550 6,056 de Guatemala (APROFAM); started by Pills 654,719 46,766 Juarez and Associates in 1983. IUDs 6,469 22,642 Injectables (3) 157,671 39,418 Injectables (1) 116,086 19,348 TOTAL 134,230 16% 5 * 1 CYP equals 100 Condoms; 14 Pill cycles; 4 Injections (3 mos) or 12 (1 mo); 20 Female Condoms; 150 Foaming Tablets; .2 Implants; .29 IUDs; 9 EC 30.I GUATEMALA II USAID (AIDSMark), KfW, private Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1998. support Condoms 5,418,025 54,180 Female Condoms 422 21 TOTAL 54,201 14% 31. GUINEA USAID and KfW co-funded Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1990. Condoms 8,838,245 88,382 Pills 264,201 18,872 Injectables 79,802 19,951 TOTAL 127,205 3% 32. HAITI USAID, UNFPA, Dutch government, Source: PSI Started by DKT and PSI in 1990. World Bank support Condoms 3,472,202 34,722 Female Condoms 96,932 4,847 Pills 283,776 20,270 Injectables 188,195 47,049 TOTAL 106,888 -23% 33. HONDURAS USAID support Source: IPPF Honduras Social Marketing Program; Condoms 276,408 2,764 managed by ASHONPLAFA. Pills 147,356 10,525 TOTAL 13,289 20% 33. HONDURAS II USAID (AIDSMark), PSP (AED), Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1998. private support Condoms 2,164,895 21,649 Female Condoms 1,100 55 TOTAL 21,704 54% 34. INDIA I (Nirodh and Mala-D) Government of India (GOI) Project Source: GOI (Does not include any brands listed (figures are for fiscal year ended Condoms (Nirodh) 392,900,000 3,929,000 for India II – VI.) 3/31/06) Pills (Mala-D) 19,110,000 1,365,000 TOTAL 5,294,000 31% 34.1 INDIA II (Masti, Kama Sutra, and Pearl) GOI, KfW, DFID, USAID support Source: PSI PSI/India, 1988 (India I totals includes (calendar year data) Condoms 119,348,617 1,193,486 18 million Nirodh condoms and 1 million Pills 3,819,131 272,795 Mala-D pills sold by PSI/India.) Injectables 18,241 4,560 EC 42,070 4,674 TOTAL 1,475,515 30% 34.2 INDIA III (Sawan, Bliss, Milan, and Ecroz) (FYE 3/31/06) Source: GOI Parivar Seva Sanstha, 1988. Condoms 46,800,000 468,000 Pills (Ecroz) 2,510,000 179,286 TOTAL 647,286 -8% 34.3 INDIA IV (Zaroor, XXX, and Choice) Vaestolitto, DFID, SIPSFA, Source: DKT DKT/India (Mumbai); 1992. and GOI support Condoms (2 brands) 69,699,690 696,997 (India I totals include 70,000 Mala-D pills (calendar year data) Pills (Choice) 7,370,758 526,483 sold by DKT/India.) IUDs 59,070 206,745 Injectables 90,711 22,515 TOTAL 1,452,740 16% 34.4 INDIA V (Mithun, Plan X, and Apsara) Packard and GOI support Source: DKT Bihar-based project managed by Janani, (calendar year data) Condoms (2 brands) 25,844,238 258,442 1996. (India I total includes 32 million Pills (Apsara) 2,063,700 147,407 Nirodh condoms and 7.8 million Mala-D EC 16,020 1,780 pills sold by Janani.) TOTAL 407,629 15% 34.5 INDIA VI (Ahsas, Thril, Flavoured) KfW and MSI support Source: MSI Started by MSI/PHS (Population Health Condoms (3 brands) 41,011,152 410,112 Services) in 1999. Managed by PHS. (India I Pills 1,540,170 110,012 totals include 58 million Nirodh condoms and 7 million cycles of Mala-D sold by PHS.) TOTAL 520,124 14% 6 * 1 CYP equals 100 Condoms; 14 Pill cycles; 4 Injections (3 mos) or 12 (1 mo); 20 Female Condoms; 150 Foaming Tablets; .2 Implants; .29 IUDs; 9 EC 35. INDONESIA KfW, GOI, and Gates support Source: DKT Started by DKT in 1996; Condoms 57,736,755 577,366 managed by DKT. Female Condoms 691 35 Pills 5,476,939 391,210 IUDs 16,880 59,080 Injectables (3) 8,563,064 2,140,766 Injectables (1) 1,565,629 130,469 Implant 3,626 10,878 MVA 64 4,288 TOTAL 3,314,092 37% 36. KAZAKHSTAN USAID support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 2002. Condoms 1,721,260 17,213 TOTAL 17,213 26% 37. KENYA USAID and DFID support Source: PSI Started by DKT and PSI in 1989. Condoms 25,748,224 257,482 Pills 1,370,100 97,864 Injectables 326,952 81,738 TOTAL 437,084 7% 38. LAOS USAID (AIDSMark), Global Fund, Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1999. and UN support Condoms 7,790,623 77,906 Pills 10,280 734 TOTAL 78,640 40% 39. LESOTHO CDC, USAID, and DFID support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 2001. Condoms 2,104,884 21,049 Female Condoms 44,006 2,220 TOTAL 23,269 35% 40. MADAGASCAR USAID (AIDSMark), Global Fund, Source: PSI Started by SOMARC in 1996, now PSI. and private support Condoms 15,238,808 152,388 Pills 1,559,003 111,357 Injectables 525,825 131,456 TOTAL 395,201 28% 41. MALAWI USAID and KfW support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1994. Condoms 8,852,949 88,529 Pills 1,024,547 73,182 TOTAL 161,711 89% 41. MALAWI II Source: MSI Started by MSI in 2004. Condoms 1,610,678 16,107 TOTAL 16,107 NA 42. MALAYSIA Self-sustaining project Source: DKT Started by DKT in 1991; Condoms 7,293,312 72,933 managed by PHI consultants. TOTAL 72,933 -18% 43. MALI USAID and private support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 2000. Condoms 5,555,087 55,551 Female Condoms 13,527 676 Pills 865,670 61,834 Injectables 147,858 36,965 TOTAL 155,026 5% 44. MEXICO Private support Source: DKT Started by DKT in 2002. Condoms 21,225,973 212,260 Female Condoms 62,643 3,132 Injectables (1) 3,248 271 EC 6,246 694 TOTAL 216,357 12% 45. MONGOLIA UNFPA and MSI support Source: MSI Started by MSI in 2000. Condoms 1,898,504 18,985 Female Condoms 13,537 677 Pills 3,856 275 TOTAL 19,937 25% 7 * 1 CYP equals 100 Condoms; 14 Pill cycles; 4 Injections (3 mos) or 12 (1 mo); 20 Female Condoms; 150 Foaming Tablets; .2 Implants; .29 IUDs; 9 EC 46. MOZAMBIQUE USAID and Dutch government Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1995. support Condoms 18,544,874 185,449 Female Condoms 3,750 188 TOTAL 185,637 14% 47. NAMIBIA KfW and GTZ support Source: MSI Started by MSI in 2000. Condoms 4,285,117 42,851 Female Condoms 116,854 5,843 TOTAL 48,694 14% 48. NEPAL USAID (AIDSMark) support Source: CRS/PSI Nepal Contraceptive Retail Sales Corp. (CRS), Condoms 17,512,868 175,129 started by Westinghouse Health Systems Pills 1,065,091 76,078 in 1976; program now private company. IUDs 3,278 11,473 Injectables (3) 391,285 97,821 Injectables (1) 2,603 217 EC 31,291 3,477 Norplant 1,079 5,395 TOTAL 369,590 -2% 48.1 NEPAL II MSI support Source: MSI Started by MSI in 2002. Condoms 1,670,760 16,708 TOTAL 16,708 10% 49. NICARAGUA USAID support Source: PROFAMILIA Started by PROFAMILIA in 1999. Condoms 484,305 4,843 Pills 534,621 38,187 IUDs 1,310 4,585 Injectables 63,098 15,775 TOTAL 63,390 19% 49.1 NICARAGUA II USAID and Dutch government support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1998. Condoms 3,490,104 34,901 Female Condoms 856 43 TOTAL 34,944 21% 50. NIGER KfW support Source: GFA Medica Started by GFA Medica together Condoms 2,678,685 26,787 with The Futures Group in 2004. TOTAL 26,787 NA 51. NIGERIA DFID, USAID, and private support Source: PSI Started by PSI and DKT in 1988-90. Cooperating agency: PSI/SFH Condoms 165,827,785 1,658,278 Pills 3,821,764 272,983 Foaming Tablets 12,800 85 IUDs 37,997 132,990 Injectables (3) 572,304 143,076 Injectables (2) 491,544 81,924 EC 690,628 76,736 TOTAL 2,366,072 9% 52. PAKISTAN KfW, USAID, and private support Source: PSI Program started by PSI Cooperating agency: PSI/SMP Condoms 76,554,149 765,541 Marketing Associates in 1986. (Social Marketing Pakistan) Pills 3,509,443 250,675 IUDs 74,345 260,208 Injectables (3) 77,668 19,417 Injectables (2) 417,650 69,608 Injectables (1) 49,713 4,143 EC 394,689 43,854 TOTAL 1,413,446 -23% 52.1 PAKISTAN II DFID support Source: KSM Started by Key Social Marketing (KSM) and TFG technical assistance Condoms 2,493,658 24,937 SOMARC in 1997. Pills 2,470,488 176,463 IUDs 552 1,932 Injectables 401,315 100,329 EC 299,059 33,229 TOTAL 336,890 37% 52.1 PAKISTAN III Funded by MSI Source: MSI Started by MSI in 2003. Condoms 2,170,254 21,703 TOTAL 21,703 28% 8 53. PANAMA Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1996. Condoms 1,742,279 17,423 TOTAL 17,423 NA 54. PARAGUAY USAID and private support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1996. Condoms 1,767,696 17,677 Pills 298,561 21,326 EC 25,644 2,849 TOTAL 41,852 33% 55. PERU USAID support Source: APROPO Apoyo a Programas de Poblacion; Condoms 8,554,962 85,550 program started by SOMARC Pills 5,685 406 and APROPO in 1984. IUDs 425 1,488 Injectables 1,867 467 TOTAL 87,911 15% 56. PHILIPPINES KfW and USAID support Source: DKT Started by DKT in 1990; Condoms 28,410,101 284,101 managed by DKT. Pills 12,059,830 861,416 Injectables 283,473 70,868 TOTAL 1,216,385 22% 57. ROMANIA USAID, UNICEF, and Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1998. Dutch government/Matra support Condoms 10,890,536 108,905 TOTAL 108,905 1% 58. RUSSIA USAID, DFID, UNAIDS support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1996. Condoms 3,196,800 31,968 TOTAL 31,968 52% 59. RWANDA KfW, UNFPA, USAID (AIDSMark) Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1993. and private support Condoms 9,080,880 90,809 TOTAL 90,809 20% 60. SENEGAL USAID support Source: USAID Started by SOMARC in 1996. Condoms 4,743,483 47,435 Pills 80375 5,741 TOTAL 53,176 7% 61. SOUTH AFRICA DFID, USAID, UNFPA, GOSA, Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1992. FHI, CDC, and private support Condoms 45,589,252 455,893 Female Condoms 58,704 2,935 TOTAL 458,828 13% 62. SRI LANKA IPPF support Source: FPASL Started by PSI and IPPF in 1973; Condoms 7,125,006 71,250 now managed by Sri Lanka Family Pills 1,216,157 86,868 Planning Association. IUDs 1,741 6,094 Injectables 60,260 15,065 EC 543,686 60,410 Implants 175 875 TOTAL 240,562 11% 62.1 SRI LANKA II Managed by MSI Source: MSI Sri Lanka Started by MSI in 1993. locally-generated funds Condoms 5,912,085 59,121 TOTAL 59,121 28% 63. SUDAN Private support Source: DKT Started by DKT in 2004. Condoms 717,120 7,171 Pills 4,100 293 Injectables 15,050 3,763 TOTAL 11,227 NA 64. SWAZILAND CDC, USAID (AIDSMark), DFID support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 2001. Condoms 1,837,983 18,380 Female Condoms 1,846 92 TOTAL 18,472 25% * 1 CYP equals 100 Condoms; 14 Pill cycles; 4 Injections (3 mos) or 12 (1 mo); 20 Female Condoms; 150 Foaming Tablets; .2 Implants; .29 IUDs; 9 EC 9 65. TANZANIA USAID and Dutch government support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1993. Cooperating agency: PSI Condoms 54,421,059 544,211 Female Condoms 330 17 TOTAL 544,228 21% 66. TOGO USAID and UNICEF support Source: PSI Started by SOMARC in 1992; Condoms 7,849,398 78,494 transferred to PSI in 1998. Female Condoms 76,107 3,805 Pills 114,021 8,144 Injectables 43,072 10,768 TOTAL 101,211 24% 67. UGANDA USAID support Source: PSI Started by SOMARC in 1991; Cooperating Agency: PSI Condoms 21,742,520 217,425 transferred to CMS in 1998; Pills 1,230,840 87,917 transferred to AIDSMark in 2003. Injectables 140,370 351,843 TOTAL 657,185 33% 67.1 UGANDA II KfW support Source: MSI Uganda Started by MSI in 1997; Condoms 14,232,024 142,320 managed by MSI. TOTAL 142,320 65% 68. URUGUAY IPPF support Source: AUPF Started by AUPF Condoms 84,889 849 (Associacion Uruguaya de Pills 118,407 8,458 Planificacion Familiar) in 1968. IUDs 7,156 25,046 TOTAL 34,353 -17% 69. VENEZUELA Commercial sector and Source: Prosalud Started by PROSALUD in 1992. local embassy support Condoms 57,561 576 Pills 296,909 21,208 IUDs 2,542 8,897 EC 651,195 72,355 TOTAL 103,036 -12% 70. VIET NAM DFID, KfW, USAID, and World Source: DKT Implemented by DKT in 1993. Bank support Condoms 52,283,592 522,836 Pills 3,166,300 226,164 TOTAL 749,000 -3% 71. YEMEN MSI support Source: MSI Started by MSI in 2001. Condoms 1,271,828 12,718 TOTAL 12,718 NA 72. ZAMBIA USAID and foundation support Source: PSI Started by PSI in 1992. Condoms 12,224,068 122,241 Female Condoms 210,840 10,542 Pills 974,016 69,573 TOTAL 202,356 -4% 73. ZIMBABWE USAID and DFID support Source: PSI Started by SOMARC in 1988; Condoms 45,223,830 452,238 transferred to PSI in 1996. Female Condoms 902,600 45,130 Pills 1,435,230 102,516 Injectables 120,954 30,239 EC 41,391 4,599 TOTAL 634,722 21% GRAND TOTAL 36,718,220 * 1 CYP equals 100 Condoms; 14 Pill cycles; 4 Injections (3 mos) or 12 (1 mo); 20 Female Condoms; 150 Foaming Tablets; .2 Implants; .29 IUDs; 9 EC 10 ���������� ������ ������������ ��������������� �������� �������� ����� �������� �������������������� ������ ������ �������� ����� ��������� ������� �������� ��������� �������� ������� �������� ��������� ����� ���������� ������ ����� ������� �������� ����������� ����������� ������������ ��������� �������� ������ �������� ������ �������� ������������������������������������������������������������� �� �� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������� � ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������� �������������� ��������� ��������� ������� ������� ������� ������� ������� ������� ������� ������� ������� ��������� ������� ������� ��������� ��������� ������� ��������� ������� ������� ��������� ������� ������� ������� ������� ��������� ��������� ������� ��������� ������� ������� ������� ������� ������� ������� ������� ������ ���������� ����� �������� ������������ ������������������ �������� ������������������������ �������� ������������������� ������ ������ ������������������ ������� ����������� �������� ����� ���������������������� ������ ����� ��������� ����� ������� ���������� ������������������� ���������� ������� ������� ��������������������� ����������� ������������ ���������������������� �������� ���� ������������������� ������ �������� ���� ����� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ����� ����� ���� ���� ���� ����� ����� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ����� ���� ���� ����� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ����� ����� ����� ����� ����������������� ���������

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